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Wu, Jason Hsinchieh; Lin, Chunn-Ying – Asia Pacific Education Review, 2018
Research on teacher and school academic optimism has abounded ever since these two constructs were confirmed and shown to have positive effects on student achievement. However, one overlooked research question is the nested association between teacher and school academic optimism. This study intends to fill this gap by using hierarchical linear…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Elementary School Students, Elementary School Teachers, Foreign Countries