When randomized control trials (RCT) are not feasible, researchers seek other methods to make causal inference, e.g., propensity score methods. One of the underlined assumptions for the propensity score methods to obtain unbiased treatment effect estimates is the ignorability assumption, that is, conditional on the propensity score, treatment…

Teacher residency programs are a relatively new method for building stronger teacher pipelines. Research assessing the impact of these programs is still limited, but some early reports suggest that residency programs hold promise for improving teacher effectiveness and retention rates (Barrett, Hovde, Hahn, & Rosqueta, 2011; Papay, West,…

This is the third annual report on Tennessee's progress toward meeting statewide higher education goals delineated in the 1989 "Tennessee Challenge 2000" program. The report outlines the six goals, specific benchmarks for each goal, and the progress toward such goals and benchmarks accomplished over the last several years. The goals…

This is the fourth annual report on Tennessee's progress toward meeting statewide higher education goals delineated in the 1989 "Tennessee Challenge 2000" program. For the first time it also includes data on independent colleges and universities within the state. The report outlines the six goals, specific benchmarks for each goal, and…