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Twu, Ming-Lii – ProQuest LLC, 2017
The purpose of this mixed methods study was to employ the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Standards for Students as taxonomy to classify educational mobile application (app) software into seven categories and empirically examine the influence on students' technology literacy. A purposeful sample of fifth grade core subject…
Descriptors: Educational Technology, Handheld Devices, Technological Literacy, Influence of Technology
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Tipton, Elizabeth – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2013
As a result of the use of random assignment to treatment, randomized experiments typically have high internal validity. However, units are very rarely randomly selected from a well-defined population of interest into an experiment; this results in low external validity. Under nonrandom sampling, this means that the estimate of the sample average…
Descriptors: Generalization, Experiments, Classification, Computation