During the past decade, web-based distance education has created a profound impact on education and learning. It has increased access and expanded educational opportunities of many students. The National Center for Educational Statistics reported that over 50% of post-secondary institutions now offer a number of web-based courses. Peterson's Guide…

For over a decade, the learning management system (LMS) has been the primary method of delivering online learning. However, research related instructional design and pedagogical practices within this environment is still in its infancy as compared to face-to-face learning. While several frameworks for understanding pedagogical strategies and…

This article describes 1) the special features and accessibility of an innovative web-based practice instrument (WebMA) designed with randomized short-answer, matching and multiple choice items incorporated with automatically adapted feedback for middle school students; and 2) an exploratory study that compares the effects and contributions of…