Public schools have been under great scrutiny. National and international tests have exposed deficiencies of students' knowledge prompting federal and state legislation to focus on improving schools' effectiveness. The pressure induced by recent legislation have school districts scrambling to increase student achievement. One area of reform…

To help students meet higher standards, all academic and career/technical teachers need to be willing and prepared to use reading, writing and mathematics as tools for learning across the curriculum. To do so, they must have access to ongoing professional development, literacy and numeracy coaching, shared strategies, and teamwork to make literacy…

This descriptive analysis illustrates some of the challenges in measuring investment in professional development and concludes by highlighting a promising strategy using online data systems that might improve the accuracy of spending estimates and the tracking of expenditures. Previous literature defines two categories of professional development:…