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Spaull, Nic – Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 2019
New evidence presented in this paper shows that existing accounts of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in developing countries underestimate both progress and inequality because they do not take into account the large proportion of 15-16-year olds who are ineligible for the PISA sampling frame, primarily due to dropout or…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, International Assessment
OECD Publishing, 2017
Globally, enrolment in secondary education has expanded dramatically over the past decades. This expansion is also reflected in PISA data, particularly for low- and middle-income countries. Between 2003 and 2015, Indonesia added more than 1.1 million students, Turkey and Brazil more than 400,000 students, and Mexico more than 300,000 students, to…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, International Assessment