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Paterson, Lindsay – Scottish Educational Review, 2021
Two large changes link the 1872 and 1918 Education (Scotland) Acts. One is the development of secondary education, which happened gradually between the two dates, with searching debates about the meaning, purpose, and demographic reach of advanced education of this kind. The main purpose of the 1918 Act was to make secondary provision more…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Secondary Education, Educational Legislation, Federal Legislation
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Baird, Jo-Anne; Gray, Lena – Oxford Review of Education, 2016
The ways in which examination standards are conceptualised and operationalised differently across nations has not been given sufficient attention. The international literature on standard-setting has been dominated by the psychometrics tradition. Broader conceptualisations of examination standards have been discussed in the literature in England,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Academic Standards, Position Papers, Educational Policy