The 1969 Virginia Needs Assessment project was conducted in two stages: (1) identification of statewide school program goals, and evidences of programmatic effort and outcomes; and (2) the development of a model that focused on the learner in the school environment, and incorporated cognitive, affective, and facilitative data in the context of the…

This paper discusses instructional objectives in middle school social studies programs in Virginia. Undertaken in response to a concern that middle school objectives were largely unsettled despite a significant amount of research, this study aimed at clarifying objectives by investigating Virginia social studies educators' professional positions…