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Power and Agency in Language Policy Appropriation
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Johnson, David Cassels; Johnson, Eric J. – Language Policy, 2015
In this article we proffer a theoretical model for analyzing power in language policy processes and incorporate ethnographic data to illustrate the usefulness of the model. Grounded in an ethnographic project in the US state of Washington, we examine how nominally identical school district-level programs, which are funded under the same…
Descriptors: Ethnography, Language Planning, Models, Educational Research
Language Policy and Bilingual Education in Arizona and Washington State
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Johnson, Eric J.; Johnson, David Cassels – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2015
In this paper, we compare the bilingual/language education policies of Arizona and Washington to show that state-level language policy plays a critical role in shaping the appropriation of federal language policy [No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), Title III] and how different state-level language policies impact the district level of policy…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Language of Instruction, State Policy, Bilingualism
Successful Strategies for English Language Learners
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Pascopella, Angela – District Administration, 2011
Between 1979 and 2008, the number of school-age children (ages 5-17) in the United States who spoke a language other than English at home increased from 3.8 to 10.9 million, or from 9 to 21 percent of the population in this age range, according to the latest figures from the National Center on Education Statistics (NCES). The NCES also reveals…
Descriptors: Community Leaders, Private Schools, Immersion Programs, Dropout Rate
Title I and Early Childhood Programs: A Look at Investments in the NCLB Era. CLASP Child Care and Early Education Series. Policy Paper No. 2
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Ewen, Danielle; Matthews, Hannah – Center for Law and Social Policy, Inc. (CLASP), 2007
This paper explores the range of ways in which school districts are using Title I funds for early education through kindergarten and examines how the implementation of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) has impacted those investments. It also makes recommendations for local education agencies (LEAs) interested in creating Title I-funded early education…
Descriptors: Early Childhood Education, Federal Legislation, Second Language Learning, Young Children