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Linear Dependence on Gain Scores in Their Components Imposes Constraints on Their Use and Interpretation: Comment on "Are Simple Gain Scores Obsolete?"
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Humphreys, Lloyd G. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1996
The reliability of a gain is determined by the reliabilities of the components, the correlation between them, and their standard deviations. Reliability is not inherently low, but the components of gains in many investigations make low reliability likely and require caution in the use of gain scores. (SLD)
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Change, Correlation, Error of Measurement
Commentary on the Commentaries of Collins and Humphreys.
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Williams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1996
The critiques by L. Collins and L. Humphreys in this issue illustrate problems with the use of gain scores. Collins' examples show that familiar formulas for the reliability of differences do not reflect the precision of measures of change. Additional examples demonstrate flaws in the conventional approach to reliability. (SLD)
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Change, Correlation, Error of Measurement
TESTAT--A Supplementary Module to SYSTAT. Software Review.
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Stone, Clement A. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1992
TESTAT is a supplementary module for the popular SYSTAT statistical package for the personal computer. The program performs test analyses based on classical test theory and item response theory. Limitations and advantages are discussed. (SLD)
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Computer Software Evaluation, Error of Measurement, Item Response Theory