Rubrics are commonly used to assess individuals in the field of education. Although rubrics are frequently used as data sources for research studies, the creation and validation of rubrics have not been common experiences for most researchers. There are many practical issues, such as requiring ongoing training by the evaluation team, in order to…

In "English Language Learners and the New Standards," three leading scholars present a clear vision and practical suggestions for helping teachers engage ELL students in simultaneously learning subject-area content, analytical practices, and language. This process requires three important shifts in our perspective on language and…