Increasing attention is being paid to the question of how special populations are affected by welfare reform. One subgroup that has been largely ignored in research concerning the effects of welfare reform on children and families is that of children with disabilities and their families. In order to address this gap in both policy and research, this paper aims to develop a research agenda that will inform both the policy and research worlds by developing policy-relevant data, spurring those in welfare and policy fields to consider individuals with disabilities and their families when designing research and creating policies, and spurring those in disability-related fields to consider the effects of poverty and its attendant policies. This paper discusses these central questions: (1) What do we already know about families who are on welfare and have children with disabilities? (2) What are the developmental processes through which we expect the challenges of welfare reform to affect these children? and (3) What changes in current policy and practice are feasible and would work towards increased self-sufficiency and increased quality of life for these families? The paper concludes with research questions and preliminary policy recommendations to stimulate active consideration of a population that is too often ignored in consideration of welfare and anti-poverty policy. ["Where Policies Intersect: Children with Disabilities, PRWORA and IDEA" by Kathleen Hebbeler is also included in this issue.]