This issue contains six articles, reports, and essays on planning and organizing nonformal education in the Asian-South Pacific area. A chapter reprinted from "Planning Nonformal Education" discusses the need for planning, past efforts, and five steps in a strategy suggested for planning locally-oriented and target-specific nonformal…

This yearbook, prepared by a committee appointed to look at the teaching of science, makes recommendations concerning the development of science programs at all levels of education, including the teaching of science in college and science teacher education. Chapters 1 through 5 address the following topics: interpretations of what seems to be…

Intended to assist practitioners in vocational education in improving program planning and evaluation, this paper provides an overview of needs assessment, which is a method of acquiring evaluative data required by the Vocational Education Amendments of 1978 (P.L. 94-482). The first two sections discuss various definitions of educational needs…

This expanded issue explores well-known comprehensive school reform models and provides tools and resources to assist school leaders in choosing reform programs. Case studies provide information about three well-known models: the Coalition of Essential Schools, the Paideia Program, and the Success for All Program. These reforms are discussed in…

The purpose of this report is to describe the present education system in Spain as it relates to lifelong education. The report identifies criteria and methodological problems in educational planning aimed at transforming school systems along the lines of lifelong education. It then describes how these principles have been incorporated in the…

Education and employment and training program planners were surveyed to determine how they planned for emerging occupations. Planners identified several formal and informal means used to collect information to evaluate economic, industrial, and occupational trends. Information collection was conducted in five categories: publications, advisory…

This bulletin issue contains articles and observations about continuing education for adults in various countries of Asia and the Pacific. Articles from five experts in continuing education and/or related areas in four countries in the region make up the first section. The experts are from (1) Sri Lanka (D. A. Perera); (2) Australia (Geoffrey…

One of a series of sixteen knowledge transformation papers, this paper examines the concept of the least restrictive alternative for handicapped students as it applies to vocational education and provides representative models of service delivery systems. First, the origin of the least restrictive environment concept is traced, including the…

This yearbook contains conference papers, commissioned papers, reprints of earlier works, and research-in-progress. They offer a retrospective view as well as address the mission and perspective of correctional education, its international dimension, correctional education in action, and current research. Papers include "Correctional Education and…

One of a series of sixteen knowledge transformation papers, this paper presents an educational planning model which incorporates citizen involvement at the local level and provides a more responsive and efficient vocational education system. In the first section techniques are discussed for encouraging community participation, such as general…

The solution to the problem of violence in the schools lies not only in the protection of students, but the prevention of aggressive, antisocial behavior. This monograph is designed to help schools build a violence-prevention program from the ground up. Following the introduction, chapter 1 discusses how the causes and consequences of violence in…

The report provides a survey of staff development (SD) managers in 505 English, Welsh, and Scottish further education colleges (227 responses). The objective was to determine how much SD has changed and matured since incorporation, and how much it has created benchmarks. Findings indicated that few staff developers had a relevant SD qualification.…

One of a series of sixteen knowledge transformation papers, this paper reviews that state-of-the-art of professional development as it relates to sex equity in vocational education. First, the problem of sex discrimination is presented with statistics showing the number of women currently working and the number who are heads of their households.…

Devoted to the role of participation in nonformal education (NFE) activities in enhancing development, this issue consists of an article on participation in NFE activities, descriptions of participatory programs, an annotated bibliography on participation, and a review of various publications related to participation. The lead article, "Can…

This issue of Literacy Discussion explains the joint Arab strategy for illiteracy eradication and reviews Iraq's particular situation. The first of six articles traces literacy development in the Arab World leading up to the adoption of the Arab Literacy strategy at the 1976 Third Alexandria Conference in Baghdad, Iraq. It also presents…