This brief monograph, intended for preschool teachers and administrators, explains various aspects of the assessment and evaluation of children and early childhood education programs. The value of evaluation procedures for program development is noted. The different forms that research designs and tests can take are explained. It is emphasized that the persons responsible for evaluation must choose tests and research designs which do measure what they are supposed to measure; examples are used to show how this can fail to happen if care is not taken. The information the examiner should have about each child prior to testing is indicated. A checklist of conditions for testing (e.g., good lighting and quiet) and federal requirements for evaluation are included. (BH)