The development of drug testing policies and the implementation of drug testing procedures involve legal, ethical, medical, and labor relations issues. To learn how police departments are addressing the problem of drug use and drug testing of police officers, the National Institute of Justice sponsored a telephone survey of 33 major police departments, 24 of which had drug testing programs. This report presents results of the survey and reviews the use of drug testing in police departments, the technology involved, and the legal and union issues related to testing. It also summarizes private industry's approach to the problem and alternatives used by police administrators for dealing with officers found to be using drugs. A section on drug testing in police departments looks specifically at the issues of testing police applicants, testing probationary officers, testing officers in sensitive jobs, testing tenured officers, and scheduled versus random testing. Other survey results are presented to show the trends in current practices in drug testing. (NB)