Private-school choice or voucher programs allow parents to put tax dollars toward a private education--for example, in the form of a subsidy to the chosen school. The dollar value of a voucher is usually equal to, but may be less than, the state average per-pupil expenditure, and may cover the partial or full cost of a private-school tuition. This summary reviews the types of voucher programs that have been proposed, the status of existing programs, arguments for and against private-school vouchers, and research findings. Research on the nation's only traditional voucher system in operation, the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program, yielded inconclusive findings. A 1993 survey of California private schools indicated that the impact of vouchers would depend largely on the supply of private schools and their ability to make space for new students. (Contains 15 endnotes.) (LMI)