At-risk elementary school students and their families often have little support for social and academic growth from community members and from parents. This study examined the impact of an 8-month program to increase advocacy from community volunteers, use volunteer help, and provide weekly parent seminars on the quality of students' school…

Using sources such as personal observation, personal communication, and published literature, this essay identifies issues that have accounted for Foreign Languages in Elementary Schools (FLES) programs' failure to survive. Seven essential elements of a successful foreign language program in the elementary school are identified and discussed: (1)…

The 1971 Iowa School Foundation Plan for Financing Education was created to achieve goals of quality education, equity in financing education, efficiency, evaluation of local districts and the state system, and local flexibility. To analyze Iowa's success in meeting those goals, information gathered from 18 rural school districts and data from the…