Instructional coaching programs are designed to improve teacher effectiveness to ultimately improve student performance. The role of the instructional coach varies among schools and is dependent on building leadership or the most recent trends of a school district. Inconsistency in the roles and responsibilities of instructional coaches can impede…

The global challenge of rising healthcare demand, coupled with an acute shortage of physicians, has become a pressing concern, particularly in Egypt. To address this issue, this dissertation comprises three essays that aim to tackle the shortage and maldistribution of physicians in Egypt. The first paper investigates the factors that make general…