Black Student Unions (BSUs) in higher education represent a valued resource as they often engage in activities to recruit and retain students from underrepresented communities. Student groups in higher education, however, are beset by a variety of institutional and contextual complexities and complications that can impede or derail their growth.…

The purpose of this study was to investigate four attractor states in schools through the perceptions of formal leaders that engaged in and reflected upon school reform regarding the Millennial generation. The term attractor was used as a metaphor for a habitual pattern, gleaned from complexity science which informs of new ways in which to…

Systems theory and its application to educational administration are discussed in this paper. An extensive literature review concludes that systems analyses are based on the concept of interdependence and on the assumption that the whole may be greater than the sum of its parts. Applications to educational administration include model building,…