The research makes a considerable contribution to the academic literature which explores the use of technology in the public education system by analysing 'how effective the widespread use of technology has been for learning during COVID-19 in India'. The research develops a conceptual framework that outlines the readiness of states to adopt digital learning technologies and its effectiveness in terms of usage and impact on learning levels across states in India. The conceptual framework is used to analyse the variations across states in India in terms of availability of digital infrastructure, teacher preparedness, adoption of different tech-driven education initiatives, and its effect on the learning levels among students during COVID-19. The conclusions are drawn for key evidence driven policy decisions to ensure effective use of technology in providing quality learning to students. The results of the research are drawn using National Achievement Survey (NAS) data, ASER data, UDISE Report, TRAI Report and academic publications to assess the impact on learning outcomes of students for widespread use of remote and digital learning tools.