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Download full textChilds, Ruth A.; Jaciw, Andrew P. – 2003
Matrix sampling of test items, the division of a set of items into different versions of a test form, is used by several large-scale testing programs. This Digest discusses nine categories of costs associated with matrix sampling. These categories are: (1) development costs; (2) materials costs; (3) administration costs; (4) educational costs; (5)…
Descriptors: Costs, Matrices, Reliability, Sampling
Rudner, Lawrence M. – 1992
Several common sources of error in assessment that depends on the use of judges are identified, and ways to reduce the impact of rating errors are examined. Numerous threats to the validity of scores based on ratings exist. These threats include: (1) the halo effect; (2) stereotyping; (3) perception differences; (4) leniency/stringency error; and…
Descriptors: Alternative Assessment, Error of Measurement, Evaluation Methods, Evaluators
