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Download full textRudner, Lawrence M.; Schafer, William D. – 2001
This digest discusses sources of error in testing, several approaches to estimating reliability, and several ways to increase test reliability. Reliability has been defined in different ways by different authors, but the best way to look at reliability may be the extent to which measurements resulting from a test are characteristics of those being…
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Error of Measurement, Reliability, Scores
Helberg, Clay – 1996
Abuses and misuses of statistics are frequent. This digest attempts to warn against these in three broad classes of pitfalls: sources of bias, errors of methodology, and misinterpretation of results. Sources of bias are conditions or circumstances that affect the external validity of statistical results. In order for a researcher to make…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Comparative Analysis, Data Analysis, Error of Measurement
