This digest discusses factors affecting the achievement of gifted minority students, particularly Black students. Problems associated with underachievement definitions and the influence of social, cultural, and psychological factors on student achievement are examined. Suggestions and recommendations for reversing underachievement among gifted minority students are presented. Two tables are appended: a checklist for identifying indices of underachievement among gifted Black students, and strategies to enhance achievement among gifted minority students. (Contains 16 references.) (JDD)