For English as a Second Language (ESL) students or English Language Learners (ELLs), the use of various adverbial clauses was summarized and illustrated of comparison, concession, condition, degree, manner, place, proportion, purpose, reason (or cause), result, and time, including the non-finite clauses, some prepositions, and prepositional…

Providing a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge work on second language learning, this "Handbook," written by a team of leading experts, surveys the nature of second language learning and its implications for teaching. Prominent theories and methods from linguistics, psycholinguistics, processing-based, and cognitive approaches are…

This guide provides an introduction to the Headstart program in German, a self-instructional orientation to the German language and culture. The aim of the course is to enable the student to communicate with Germans in several basic situations. In addition to the course description, the following information is provided in the guide: (1) a…

A self-instructional program in the French subjunctive mood is organized by categories of verbs requiring the subjunctive. Within each category, directions are given for using the verbs, and exercises are prescribed with sample sentences. The exercises consist of pattern drills and translations. A post-test is included. (MSE)

This course was developed at Lansing Community College in order to allow students to study beginning Spanish at their individual learning rate. The materials consist of an orientation packet, student record sheets, quarter-term syllabi, tape lists, and nineteen lesson packets for Elementary Spanish. The materials were designed to accompany…

This is the first in a two-volume basic course in Guarani, the indigenous language of Paraguay. The volume consists of an introduction to the Guarani language, some general principles for adult language-learning, and ten instructional units. Because the goal of the course is to encourage and lead the learner to communicate in Guarani in class and…

This book is an introductory textbook for those with no previous knowledge of Arabic or for those who know Arabic but want to learn the Iraqi dialect. The book is divided into 16 lessons: "Arabic Alphabet and Vowels"; "Greetings and Courtesy Expressions"; "Asking for Directions"; "Arrival at Baghdad Airport, Part…

A set of materials for independent study of Arabic is designed for Peace Corps volunteers working in Oman and Yemen who have had Arabic language training but need additional skills. It establishes guidelines for independent study and working with a tutor, helps check language performance, and provides grammatical information for reference. The…

This book is designed to provide supplemental instructional materials for the "Adult Education Guide to ESL (English as a Second Language) Curriculum." Each unit covers several communications objectives outlined in the "Guide." The materials are intended for use along with both teacher-made and commercial materials. Materials are provided for two…

This book of exercises is part of the package of materials developed for use in an English for Special Purposes project, which offers classes in reading, grammar, and emergency care attendant training for limited English proficient students. The exercises are designed to meet the need for early presentation of medical and allied health related…

This graduate level text on second language learning is divided into three sections. The first two sections provide a survey of the historical underpinnings of second language research in contrastive analysis and error analysis. The third section includes discussions of recent developments in the field. The first section contains articles on the…

This index is intended for use with Volumes 1 through 8 of the French Basic Course. It facilitates the finding of grammatical references in those volumes. The items are cross-referenced and arranged in alphabetical order. (Author/AMH)

This course on the language of Sri Lanka is intended to be taken under a Sinhala-speaking instructor. The present module is intended as a reference manual on Sinhala structures which will supplement and expand on the brief notes that appear in Module 2 (see related documents). After a brief explanation of the Sinhala sound system, the grammatical…

The purpose of this manual, which accompanies a video program, is to provide general background information for foreign language teachers who are, or soon will be, teaching in total, partial, or two-way immersion classrooms. Part of a series of video programs, this manual highlights current theories, issues, and questions about second language…

This reference grammar is intended for adult speakers of English who are at the elementary through the intermediate levels of acquisition of the Slovene language. It begins with a brief description of the Slovene language, its major dialects and its place among the Slavic languages. Information on the alphabet, pronunciation, and spelling rules…