This paper, intended as lecture material for university students or as background material for teachers of social studies and world history, assumes that students already have some knowledge about the origins, practices, and beliefs of Islam, but that they have no prior background about Indonesia or its history. The paper describes the diversity and the history of Indonesia, including its experience with Dutch colonialism, Japanese occupation, and the struggle for independence. It compares the administrations of Presidents Sukarno and Suharto. The document provides a brief survey of economic development and education in Indonesia, focusing on Islam, and Indonesia's commitment to religious pluralism and toleration. Finally, the paper discusses the role of women in Indonesia. Learning objectives and discussion questions are included. The paper outlines nine objectives and eight discussion questions. Contains 33 references. (JAG)