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Wolfle, Lee M. – 1982
Direct and indirect effects in decomposed zero-order correlations among variables in causal models are considered. Under certain circumstances, the components of the decompositions could be interpreted as direct, indirect, and spurious causal effects, plus a component called joint associations. The sum of the direct and indirect effects is the…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Estimation (Mathematics), Mathematical Formulas, Mathematical Models