The second edition of the International Test Commission Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests was prepared between 2005 and 2015 to improve upon the first edition, and to respond to advances in testing technology and practices. The 18 guidelines are organized into six categories to facilitate their use: pre-condition (3), test development…

Gives suggestions about starting a school family center, beginning with a survey of parents to assess needs and wishes. A survey-planning process is outlined and a sample parent survey is included. Surveys must be tailored to the needs of the community, including translation into languages spoken by the parents. (SLD)

Outlines steps in adapting tests for cross-cultural use: selection of an appropriate instrument for adaptation; translation of the source instrument; selecting an experimental design; determining administration parameters; pilot testing; and assessing psychometric equivalence. Focuses on potential problems during the adaptation process and on…