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Peer reviewedKaatrude, Peter B. – Public Libraries, 1992
Examines certification and licensing of librarians in the United States and Canada from the perspective of differences between the two concepts and through historical analysis of applications of each. A contextual framework for studying applications of these concepts to other professions is provided. (nine references) (MES)
Descriptors: Certification, Foreign Countries, Librarians, Library Associations
Peer reviewedMorgaine, Carol A. – Family Relations, 1992
Elucidates relationship between historical and philosophical foundations of family life education influences and paradigms of knowledge and action commonly used within family life profession. Examines paradigms (instrumental/technical, interpretative, and critical/emancipatory) as to their applicability in family life education. Explores…
Descriptors: Change Strategies, Family Life Education, Foreign Countries, History
Peer reviewedLoughran, E.; Reed, H. B. – International Review of Education, 1980
A brief history of the school-community relations movement in this century and a description of some major community development/social change forces are provided to set the stage for analyzing and predicting major directions for school and community relations in the 1980s. (Author/SJL)
Descriptors: Community Change, Community Education, Community Involvement, Educational History
