Albert Shanker (1928-1997) is known mainly for his successful struggle to obtain collective bargaining for teachers, his leadership of teacher unions, and his championship of education reform. Shanker built large and powerful city, state, and national unions of teachers and other public employees that still stand as models both for union democracy…

This article charts the development of education in the lower Arabian Gulf from its traditional beginnings in the nineteenth century to the provision of more formal schooling and eventually a ministry of education following Britain's withdrawal from the region in 1971. In order to provide a better understanding of the complexities and relative…

The question of how Whig policies affected the early development of common schools has received little examination in either political or educational histories. There is evidence, however, that Whig party politics did influence early educational reformers. This paper considers the influence of Whig party politics on the emergence of state systems…

The post-colonial governments of the Pacific Islands are demanding universal literacy in European languages through the introduced social institutions of education, government, law, and economics. This shift from oral to literate societies is contributing significantly to the erosion of traditional languages and cultures. (Author/MT)

The 1980-81 Polish upheavals included proposals for dramatic change in higher education. Taking advantage of momentum for change created by Solidarity and using strikes, academics, and students produced temporary changes sometimes representing complete policy reversals. Possible directions for Eastern European socialist higher education are…

This paper chronicles the work of The Reviewing Committee of the Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education (CRSE) in 1918 and of its chair, Clarence Darwin Kingsley. The report draws parallels between the report issued by the CRSE and the GOALS 2000 report on current educational reform efforts. The study shows that membership on the…

Several major attempts at reform that have occurred over the past half century are described, and lessons from the past are emphasized. It is urged that all reports be examined to determine what next steps are warranted based on history and the current knowledge base. (Author/MT)

The recent history of the Israeli educational system, particularly its trend toward decentralization, is used to test some common assumptions about the need for centralization to achieve control in times of fiscal constraint, need for improvement, and non-implementation of central policies. (MSE)

Traces the development of the field of U.S. population education from early efforts in the 1960s. Identifies key organizations and their contributions to the field in the 1970s and 1980s. Assesses the status of population education in 1992, summarizing the work of the Population Reference Bureau, Zero Population Growth, and other groups. (DMM)

Belgium's progress in rehabilitation has been the most marked of all the countries devastated by the World War. In resumption of operation of the iron and steel industries, of coal mining, of railroad rebuilding, of the sugar factories, of cotton spinning, of rebuilding residences and communal buildings, the Government, private initiative,…

Suggests that a close reading of Otlet's notion of the book reveals a concern with force and dynamics which undermine traditional notions of the book and raise questions about the positivistic nature of Otlet's work. Topics include the possibility of social change by information; and multiplicity and contemporary hypertextuality. (Author/LRW)

The war has affected the conduct of education in France perhaps more than in either England or Germany. For the first two years the demands at the front tended to subordinate all other thought and activities to the one great purpose. More recently the educational literature of France indicates that the war has had the effect of provoking…

School finance reform litigation has been an important issue among educators and legislators over the last decade. A history of the reform movement is given in two phases from 1965 to 1979. A summary and analysis of reform legislation concludes the report. (JN)

The impact of a shift in Swedish government from the Social Democratic Party to a conservative/liberal coalition in 1976 on higher education policy is examined. Characteristic features of the political processes and policy developments in Swedish higher education during this period are discussed. (BH)

This paper presents a historical perspective on the growth of the Seattle Community College District (SCCD) from 1967 to 1980 and the period of retrenchment from 1981 to the present. First. the paper reviews the formation of the SCCD, its organizational structure, goals and objectives, and mission. Next, demographic data are presented to…