Discusses nineteenth-century U.S. efforts to educate poor children. Describes educational expansion during the period, which included monitorial charity schools, Sunday schools, and infant schools. Reviews antebellum perspectives on poverty and education. Examines school attendance in 1860 and the relationship between education and social…

District of Columbia School Superintendent Franklin L. Smith faces overwhelming challenges, including student shootings, dilapidated facilities, undersupplied classrooms, and low student achievement. Franklin's biggest problem is a city budget crisis stemming from overspending, poor management, and bureaucratic incompetencies. Smith has pared his…

Discusses New Lanark, the nineteenth-century utopian community organized in Scotland by David Dale and Robert Owen. Underscores the centrality of child care, housing, health care, and ongoing education within the community. Recommends applying New Lanark principles in addressing the great disparities of the 1990s, particularly as they affect young…

The effect that the university has upon its region and the issue of regional control of higher education are examined. A definition of regional development is offered and regional planning, relevant research, cultural mobilization, and the Jacobin university are described. (Author/MLW)

Although there have been improvements for Black Americans in civil rights, economic opportunity, and political influence over the past 30 years, serious social inequities remain, and race relations have in many ways worsened. Chronicles numerous instances of violence, discrimination, inequality, political underrepresentation, and socioeconomic…

Girard College was founded and endowed by Stephen Girard, mariner and merchant, a native of France, who came to Philadelphia in 1776. After a long life of service to his adopted city, State, and country, he died in 1831, leaving the bulk of his estate in trust to the city of Philadelphia for the erection and maintenance of what is now known as…

Since 1899, Frontier College in Toronto (Canada) has promoted lifelong learning by bringing literacy courses to Canadians who are poor, undereducated, or isolated in other ways. More than 2,000 university students from 40 campuses and many community volunteers help the disabled, street-youth, Native people, migrant farm workers, ex-offenders, and…

The formulation of effective compulsory attendance laws has been one of the problems confronting legislators and school officials for the past 70 years. The most marked advance in enacting such laws has been made since 1890. Prior to that date only 27 States and the District of Columbia had compulsory laws, and many of these were inoperative. Now…

Discusses history of United States government programs to ameliorate rural living and economic conditions. Contrasts early successful efforts to improve physical characteristics--road, electricity--with recent lack of success in dealing with intractable problems--unemployment, persistent poverty. Chart of rural development actions outlines rural…

The studies and policies of the U.S. Children's Bureau in the era of Progressive education benefited many children, but its emphasis on the middle-class family ideals and relative disinterest in poverty issues left a legacy with policy implications in today's climate of welfare reform. (SLD)

James B. Duke established the Duke Endowment in 1924. This document examines what the Carolinas have accomplished since that time--both through the endowment's investments and otherwise--and what remains to be achieved. The first chapter describes the Carolinas' of the 1920s. While the rest of the nation enjoyed economic prosperity, the rural…

Structured work and training activities for welfare recipients in West Virginia began in 1962 when the state's entire caseload of two-parent families receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children was enrolled in mandatory work and training activities. In 1980s-1990s, the Community Work Experience Program became an important tool in…

The report presents data and discussion on U.S. education across sectors, as well as the work of the Office of Education in 1970. Among additional topics covered are charges of U.S. education's inefficiency, unresponsiveness, and aloofness from great societal issues; education research; the federal role in education; education and the U.S.…

The report provides abstracted reports from state, territorial, and city school officers. Information is also given on Indian education, educational conventions and institutes, education of the deaf and dumb, and education of the blind, as well as an annual review of foreign education. Special articles discuss education in the Hawaiian Islands,…