This textbook is a course in elementary arithmetic. It stresses mental as well as written exercises. Addition and subtraction are first presented together, and later multiplication and division.

This textbook is designed to teach the principles of Arithmetical Science as far as they are involved in the elementary processes, and to secure a reasonable degree of accuracy and rapidity in expressing numbers and computing results. This work presents at first the idea of numbers connected with visual representations of objects; afterward, when…