This paper presents a history of California's offices of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, State Board of Education, and Secretary of Education by tracing the creation and development of these respective authorities. It discusses the origins of these offices, from the drafting of California's first constitution through the present day, and…

This paper examines the history of school governance in the U.S. It discusses four major shifts in education governance that have occurred over the past 150 years, describing how control was firmly anchored in local communities throughout most of the 19th century. By the end of the century, Americans decided that schooling should serve public…

Given the entrenchment of professional dominance and the decrease in lay influence, the establishment of School Site Councils in California will probably not radically alter the structure of educational governance. The author suggests that if professional power continues to grow unchecked, it will pose a threat to democratic principles. (Author/WD)

Colleges were founded in many cities of Victorian England. Some failed; others became the civic universities of twentieth-century Britain. How these civic universities were governed is described. Specifically discussed are courts, councils, trustees, faculty, powers, curriculum, appointments, finance, principals, and constitutions. (RM)

Since 1942, Sri Lanka has attempted seven major reforms in the governance and administrative organization of its system of higher education. These reforms, reviewed in this article, also affected the language of instruction, the extent of academic freedom, and the number of institutions in the system. (PGD)

Examination of state school governance structures in the late 19th century reveals three regional models, each springing from particular patterns of settlement and political administration. Historical explanations for school system origins have drawn mainly on the histories of northeastern cities and states. They have underemphasized regional…

Examines the failure of the experimental occupation of five Scottish camps by children evacuated from Dundee, Edinburgh, and Glasgow between 1940 and 1945, with emphasis on the bitter dispute between central and local government over the administration of the camp schools. (MH)

The International Commission on the Teaching of Mathematics created by the International Congress of Mathematics at Rome, Italy, in 1908, submitted a large body of reports to the congress at Cambridge, England, in 1912. Those for the United States have been published as bulletins for the Bureau of Education. The material in this bulletin shows…

Current information on the subject of board structure and function is being increasingly sought by many persons and agencies involved in public and nonpublic higher education, including boards and administrations of colleges and universities; educational agencies of religious bodies; legislative commissions; and governors and their executive…

For many years American students of education have studied more or less carefully the schools of Germany. From these studies they have brought back many valuable ideas which are gradually changing for the better courses of study and methods of teaching in American schools and to some slight extent their organization and management. Studies of…

Puerto Rico has for approximately 35 years been a part of the territory and citizenship of the United States. During these years mutual understandings and appreciations have broadened and deepened, and mutual interests have developed. Constantly increasing numbers of the people of Puerto Rico are coming to live on the mainland, and even greater…

This bulletin, which is another publication in the International Education series of the Office of Education, reports on a preliminary study of the educational system for Africans, together with information concerning the current plans for expansion of African educational facilities. Following a Foreword, the chapters included are: (1)…

Against the background of current educational retrenchment and general economic crisis, this report traces the economic, social, political and educational influences that shape contemporary Canada. The instability of the economy and its domination by the United States, the transformation from a bicultural into a multicultural society, women's…

The six subcommittees of this committee have presented somewhat detailed reports. The report of the first subcommittee, Professor Cole, chairman, deals with the influence of "Scientific societies and periodical literature" in improving mathematical instruction. The report of the second subcommittee, Professor Le Gras, chairman, deals with the work…

This bulletin contains the third section of Harold W. Foght's report on the rural schools of Denmark. This section of the report pertains almost wholly to the folk high schools, which have by common consent been the most important factor in the transformation in the rural life of Denmark and in the phenomenal economic and social development of…