Several common assumptions about human intelligence are challenged in this paper. The "bucket" theory of intelligence describes intelligence as a stable psychological characteristic which affects learning, and which, when accurately measured, predicts an individual's learning capacity. The authors reject the idea that people who have…

The article presents the complex history of educational provisions for learning disabled persons in Belgium, from the founding of the Ecole Chazal school for educationally retarded children through the decade after passage of the 1972 national law to educate all handicapped persons. (MC)

Reviews the history of remedial reading instruction for students with learning disabilities and clarifies the roles of the remedial reading teacher and learning disabilities specialist. (DD)

Various approaches to research about reading disablities are described in historical perspective. The development of reading diagnosis is discussed in terms of: (1) a shift from a medical to an educational concern; (2) the use of standardized tests; (3) the movement in diagnosis from psychological laboratories to the classroom; and (4) the use of…

Presents historical overview of social studies and issues that have led to emerging reform efforts. Describes current social-studies instructional practices from perspective of educational needs of diverse learners. Lists four attributes of social-studies tools that may help teachers solve problems associated with current practices while trying to…

Discussed are the different ways the term "brain dysfunction" was interpreted and advocated by special educators, parents, persons concerned with social problems, and other groups urging that the condition be recognized through federal legislation. (Author/RM)

American educators first turned to behaviorism and the forerunner of systems theory to make education an instrument of social control for the preservation of cultural homogeneity. Rather than offering "backward" or "learning disabled" children increased educational opportunities, these procedures relegated them to a subordinate place in American…

Discusses the progressive movement which brought about curriculum differentiation in the form of special classes in the Atlanta, Georgia, Public Schools during the period 1898-1923. Examines a number of recent interpretations of curriculum differentiation through an analysis of the establishment of Atlanta's first special classes. (KO)

In the early 1960s, four special education categories (slow learners, mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, and culturally deprived) were used to explain the failure of lower class and minority children, while the less stigmatizing category of learning disabilities explained the failures of white middle class children. Later events changed the…

Although the federal government's involvement in learning disabilities through task forces, legislation, and funding has been evident only since the 1960s and 1970s, the roots of learning disabilities can be traced back to the early 1800s. Learning disabilities are one of the newest categories officially recognized by the U.S. Department of…

The paper focuses on the growth and development of special education for learning disabled children in Chile with particular emphasis on the contribution of child psychiatry and pediatric neurology departments of hospitals and the contribution of universities in training specialists. Initial sections provide a background on primary education in…

This manual is designed to help educators who serve students with learning handicaps to provide transition assistance for their students graduating or leaving the school system. Definitions and procedures adopted by the state of California are used as the basis for the manual. The manual describes the role of special education, the role of parents…

This article, originally published in 1968, examines learning disabilities from the perspectives of history, disciplines (calling for interdisciplinary convergence), education (viewing learning disabilities as a concept rather than a category), teacher preparation, province (evaluating the appropriateness of various delivery systems), and time…