Analyzes African development strategies as a response to conditions and limitations imposed by a history of colonialism and neocolonialism. (Author/MJL)

In the early twentieth century, supervisors began to move toward increasing professionalism in their positions. In the late nineteenth century, supervision was characterized by bureaucratic methods in a centralized school management system. Research reveals that after the turn of the century, there was a concerted effort by supervisors to…

A persistent problem for supervisors and curriculum workers has been the unresolved tension between the demands of the organization and the drive for professionalism. Emerging in the late nineteenth century, the problem was greatly influenced by the transformation of the school system along bureaucratic lines. Supervisors and curriculum workers…

The history of the Swedish universities and their roots in various traditions are traced. Attention is directed to the historico-sociological theory concerning the development and transformation of the Swedish universities from a traditional cultural institution to a rational educational institution. Six themes are covered: a general historical…

The controversy surrounding the meaning of professionalism on American campuses is approached by examining the subject from an historical and trade union perspective. It is contended that faculty unions are compatible with professional needs and desires of faculty. The roots of the American college and university system are examined in conjunction…

Questions about the appropriateness and goals of academic collective bargaining and its historical foundations are discussed. It is contended that collective bargaining insures that the principles of academic governance are practiced democratically. European universities had been nurtured for centuries on the medieval tradition of faculty…

The United States Office of Education through its Division of Higher Education has been conducting a series of studies on the general subject of the relation of the State to higher education. Four studies have already been published in bulletin form under the following titles: (1) The State and Higher Education, Phases of Their Relationship; (2)…