Traces the roots of social trap situations and describes a parasitism-symbiosis model, showing that when each organism attempts to maximize its survival potential without regard for the other's, neither does as well as when they behave collectively. Discusses a model social trap situation, "Prisoner's Dilemma" ("PD") and a…

Describes the historical and international development of simulation and gaming in terms of simulation as analytical models, and games as communicative models; and forecasts possible futures of simulation and gaming. (CMV)

This chapter considers the history of instructional development (ID) in the military, with particular emphasis on the U.S. Navy. The ID process used at the Navy's Instructional Program Development Centers is presented, including the process for simulator development. An in-depth analysis of the problems encountered with educational technology…

Discusses the history and development of gaming and suggests possible future developments. Highlights include models, simulations, and games; the use of games in the military, in social sciences, in business, and in education; the impact of computers on gaming; and the relationship among gaming, game theory, and social psychology. (LRW)