From 1914 to 1919 El Cosmopolita--a Spanish language newspaper in Kansas City--served as an organ of ethnic unity and cultural reinforcement for the immigrant Hispanic community, carried news from Mexico, pushed the agenda of the Constitutionalists in the Mexican Revolution, and advertised the Anglo owner's Mexican businesses. (SV)

Examines Gonzales' extensive rhetoric in his campaign to improve the life of Chicanos. Gonzales' rhetorical vision focused on the need for Chicanos to know and take pride in their heritage. Some of his harshest criticisms deal with the education of his people. (PD)

In the early 1900s, a central theme in many books and scholarly works about Mexico and Mexicans was the transnational "Mexican problem"--the innate political and cultural backwardness that prevented Mexico's development and modernization. These works greatly influenced both U.S. policy toward Mexico and educational policies aimed at…

With large-scale immigration in the last 20 years and a high birth rate, Chicanos now comprise the second-largest minority in the United States. This ethnohistorical account attempts to unravel the multiple heritages and influences shaping Chicanos from pre-Columbian Mexico to present-day United States. The book focuses on questions of land,…

Mexican public opinion about emigrants to the United States has gradually changed from that of "cultural traitors." The Mexican government has increasingly come to see Chicano political leaders as important to Mexico's relationship with the United States, while Mexican intellectuals increasingly regard Chicano academics as their allies…

For over a century, Texas public schools have attempted to acculturate Mexican-American children by denigrating Mexican-American culture, language, and history. These efforts have largely failed, as Mexican-Americans in Texas have not lost their cultural heritage and assimilated into the larger society. However, this ethnic group has been shorn of…

Reviews recent historical literature on the education of Chicanos in the United States. Identifies two major approaches, one which attempts to identify what educational institutions have done to and for Chicanos and the other which attempts to focus on the Chicanos' quest for educational equality. (JDH)

The article traces Chicano History from its earliest beginnings up to the present and discusses the struggle of Hispanics to retain their Spanish heritage and at the same time secure their rightful place in American society. (DS)

What was unique about the Mexican American experience in Fort Collins (Colorado) was the extent to which the Great Western Sugar Company colonized Mexican workers. They lived in Mexican colonies, separate neighborhoods, or remote locations on sugar beet farms. In public schools, Mexican Americans were perceived as intellectually inferior and were…

Despite the efforts of Mexican American groups, such as the League of United Latin American Citizens and the G.I. Forum, and court orders to end segregation, schools in Texas continued to segregate Mexican American children. The political liberalism of these groups kept them from developing effective strategies against segregation. (IS)

While Mexican children in the cities were often segregated, the children of Mexican migrant farmworkers were totally ignored by state educational officials before 1920. While a state-directed plan for these children was started in 1919, local school districts continued not to enforce state attendance requirements among the group. (NQ)

Analyzes the evolution of Mexican American identity in Houston's Chicano community. Describes immigrants' emphasis on community pride in "mexicanismo" and Mestizo-Indian heritage, abandonment of indigenous identity and demands for White status in 1930s and 1940s, and identification with racial minorities during the civil rights movement.…

Written for young people, this book traces the accomplishments of Cesar Chavez, a labor leader who fought to improve the lives of Mexican-American farmworkers in California. Chavez was born in 1927 in the Gila Valley, Arizona. When Chavez was 10, his family lost their farm and was forced to move to California and become migrant workers. Chavez and…

This volume, fourth in a series, is devoted to a study of the depression years of the 1930s, a crucial period in the history of the Hispanic land-grant-villages. It places northern New Mexico in a broad regional and national context, examining the major currents of social and political thought in American society that influenced Hispanic New Deal…

Jose de Escandon's colonization work in the present Mexican state of Tamaulipas and the lower Rio Grande valley forms an essential part of the Spanish northern borderlands. Many of the land grants in the area, ranching, and some of the present day agricultural industries originated with the colonization projects initiated by Escandon, who proved…