This article explores historical reasoning, an important activity in history learning. Based upon an extensive review of empirical literature on students' thinking and reasoning about history, a theoretical framework of historical reasoning is proposed. The framework consists of six components: asking historical questions, using sources,…

Temporal experience structures how people conceptualize their careers and enact vocational behavior. Optimal career success and satisfaction follow from an experience of time characterized by an orientation to a future that is densely populated with events clearly connected to present behavior. Career interventions may empower individuals by…

Futures study is a forward-looking equivalent of history--not predicting the future, but attempting to discipline our anticipations of the future (or of a future) as we perceive it now. This paper investigates the extent to which futures study shares with history and comparative study an empirical, as distinct from normative, starting point for…

The literature is reviewed on the development of the temporal dimension in hearing-impaired students. Discussed are historical and cultural perspectives on the concept of time, perception of time, linguistic expression of time, and spatial and temporal orientation. Directions for future research are suggested. (Author/JDD)

Examines how new theories about the mind and brain affect music education. Specifically considers the nature of the musical mind and the nature of music. Discusses the work of Robert Ornstein, D. Alan Allport, Howard Gardner, and David Loye. Recommends that music educators, at all levels, incorporate these perspectives into their teaching. (KM)

Examines how children's time concepts affects the learning of history. Discusses implications for the teaching of history. Analyzes four dominate views of how temporal and historical concepts develop: (1) development cognitive, (2) psychosocial/developmental, (3) organic curriculum, and (4) developmental historical. Offers eight approaches to help…

Reviews research on elementary school students' capacity for historical understanding. Suggests Piagetian theory is not applicable to historical thinking. Considers teaching approaches for developing elementary history instruction, including (1) embedding history in meaningful context; (2) use of narrative; (3) linking past and present; and (4)…

This review of the literature examines barriers to building community and fostering involvement among female undergraduate and graduate students in engineering. It also explores a comprehensive set of strategic initiatives that can be taken by women in engineering advocates to build a sense of community and mutual support among students. Barriers…