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Deise Monquelate Arndt; Ramon Mayor Martins; Jean Carlo Rossa Hauck – Informatics in Education, 2025
Critical thinking is a fundamental skill for 21st-century citizens, and it should be promoted from elementary school and developed in computing education. However, assessing the development of critical thinking in educational contexts presents unique challenges. In this study, a systematic mapping was carried out to investigate how to assess the…
Descriptors: Critical Thinking, Elementary Secondary Education, Computer Science Education, 21st Century Skills

Hepburn, Mary A. – Social Education, 1995
Maintains that, with an average national television viewing time of more than seven hours daily, the prevalence of violence in broadcasts is a serious concern. Summarizes research on the effects of television violence on children. Includes eight suggested student activities to develop critical media skills. (CFR)
Descriptors: Citizen Participation, Citizenship Education, Commercial Television, Critical Thinking