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Akif Avcu – Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2025
This scope-review presents the milestones of how Hierarchical Rater Models (HRMs) become operable to used in automated essay scoring (AES) to improve instructional evaluation. Although essay evaluations--a useful instrument for evaluating higher-order cognitive abilities--have always depended on human raters, concerns regarding rater bias,…
Descriptors: Automation, Scoring, Models, Educational Assessment
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Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 2025
This systematic review examines 22 studies (2024-2025) on the use of generative AI, primarily ChatGPT, for providing feedback in English writing instruction for language learners. It identifies the types of feedback AI offers, its effectiveness relative to teacher and peer feedback, and perceptions from students and teachers. Findings show AI…
Descriptors: Writing Instruction, Teaching Methods, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning