Research shows that there is a shortage of effective teachers in many rural and urban K-12 public schools serving the highest proportions of high-poverty students across the United States. In the past 10 years, alternative route teacher preparation programs aiming to address this shortage proliferated across the United States. These programs seek…

This report contains analyses of key aspects of the scope, quality, and vitality of the Nation's science and engineering enterprise and global science and technology. The report presents information on science, mathematics, and engineering education at all levels; the scientific and engineering workforce; U.S. and international and development…

This publication is the fifteenth in the series of biennial Science Indicators reports. The Science Indicators series was designed to provide a broad base of quantitative information about U.S. science, engineering, and technology for use by public and private policymakers. Because of the spread of scientific and technological capabilities around…

Many of the educational policy initiatives of state legislatures and state boards of education in the 1980s were aimed at improving the quality of elementary and secondary education through upgrading state standards. Researchers are analyzing the effects of reforms on education and many states have expanded their systems for assessing, monitoring,…

In 1996, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessed the knowledge and skills of students in the areas of earth science, life science, and physical science. It also collected information related to the background of students (grades 4, 8, and 12), their teachers (grades 4 and 8), and the schools they attended (grades 4, 8, and…

Until now, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) has focused everyone's attention on reading and math--and on whether schools are making "adequate yearly progress" in those two core subjects. Although some states incorporate additional subjects into their own accountability systems, reading and math have dominated most discussions of state…

Changing job market opportunities affect the fields in which males and females choose to earn a graduate degree. This report examines disparities in field choices of the sexes. Highlighted are the following: (1) in 1994 substantially more females than males earned graduate degrees in education and the health professions; males earned a higher…

Developing the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007 Assessment Frameworks represents an extensive collaborative effort involving individuals and expert groups from more than 60 countries around the world. The document contains three frameworks for implementing TIMSS 2007--the Mathematics Framework, the Science…

This report aims to assemble a consistent set of state-level data that approximates the technology infrastructure of the United States. The Technology Administration's Office of Technology Policy undertook this project largely in response to the sentiment of federal, state, and local counterparts that the challenge of defining technology…

This document represents the second volume of the seventeenth in the series of biennial Science Indicators reports, "Science and Engineering Indicators, 2006." The National Science Board submits this report in accordance with Sec. 4(j)1 of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended. The Science Indicators series was designed to…

This data brief reports on statistics related to the federal academic science and engineering obligations. The data is presented in one chart and two tables that provide information on federal science and engineering and science and engineering research and development obligations during the fiscal years 1986-1996, federal academic science and…

Two techniques for determining a straight line fit to data are compared. This article reviews two simple techniques for fitting a straight line to a set of data, namely the method of averages and the method of least squares. These methods are compared by showing the results of a simple analysis, together with a number of tests based on randomized…

This document focuses on information regarding student proficiency, curricula, learning environments, and demographics at the elementary, secondary, and postsecondary level that has been gathered through 1993. The data presented here are extracted from existing studies and surveys of education. After an introductory chapter, chapter 2 provides an…

This monograph offers a realistic look at current trends in student achievement in science education, the participation of underrepresented populations, and the many factors that serve to sustain them. In addition, it offers new insights and concrete suggestions for change based on the analysis of recent reports and promising field-based studies.…

This report presents survey data from the Survey of Federal Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions for Fiscal Year 1991. This is a survey of the 15 Federal agencies that provide virtually all of the Federal funding for science and engineering research and development (R & D) at universities and colleges. Amounts for tuition…