Working memory is the mental ability to temporarily store and manipulate information. Its functioning is distinct from the vast storage capacity of long-term memory and is crucial for optimal learning and development. There is considerable research on several theoretical aspects of working memory. Far less research has explored the application of…

It has been argued that intervention strategies designed to reduce racial prejudice in young children have been based on weak theoretical models of racial stereotyping and prejudice with little effect on the reduction of racial bias. This paper examines the social-cognitive and intergroup scholarship post-Bigler ("J Soc Issues 55"(4), 687-705,…

The purpose of this literature review was to study some of the most famous works in teaching thinking skills. Teaching thinking is an arguable issue in the UAE. Some teachers are in favour of teaching thinking skills implicitly while others support the view that students have to learn thinking skills explicitly. The study aimed at answering two…

Malcolm Knowles laments the paucity of "thinking, investigating, and writing about adult learning" in the opening sentence of his theoretical framework of "Andragogy" (1998, p. 35). Knowles' central argument is that we learn differently as adults from how we learn as children, so we should tailor adult education accordingly. Knowles highlighted…

Describes Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, and Tarule's research on cognitive development of women. This research represents a bridge and a connection between the formal research on cognitive development and the more anecdotal treatises on issues of teaching, learning, and the knowledge inherent in the role of mother and maternal thinking.…

The authors describe a family counseling practicum that is based on cognitive-developmental theory and uses a Deliberate Psychological Education (DPE) model for developing a curriculum. Designed to promote the growth and development of adult learners, DPE facilitates learning and the developmental growth of beginning family counselors. (Contains…

The paper reviews research on severe and profound hearing loss and notes implications for hearing impaired students of instrumental enrichment (IE), a cognitive learning approach featuring metacognition. The development of IE by R. Feuerstein is traced to initial work with disadvantaged groups who emigrated to Israel. Noted are such…

This paper provides a brief literature review on the use of building blocks in the elementary school classroom and discusses classroom activities using blocks as they influence other subject areas. The paper includes work activities that develop mathematics and science skills, language arts and reading, and social sciences. Comments on these…

Literature indicating a correlation between age/grade of students and spurt and plateau periods of brain growth is reviewed. Suggestions for teachers based on the review are provided. These include indexing learning and behavior events to brain growth spurt/plateau periods, using spurt times to introduce novel intellectual materials, and others.…

The Measure of Epistemological Reflection was revised to reflect a constructivist view of epistemological development that emerged from a longitudinal study of young adults' development. This article includes a description of the new constructivist interpretation process, how it is used, and criteria upon which to judge its value. (Contains 44…

Educating for personal and social responsibility, from the perspective of moral cognition, involves promoting students' cognitive development. The literature suggests several approaches as successful in promoting cognitive development. Though Kohlberg views this development as primarily facilitated by dialogue with individuals in more advanced …

This report provides a brief literature review describing a variety of best practices in middle school education.

Word concepts have long been recognized as an integral part of intelligence, and word definition tasks are frequently used to measure them. Entire subtests requiring definitions, usually called vocabulary tests, are common; because of their apparent stability and comparability with overall intelligence, these subtests have been given a preeminent…

A model of curriculum and instruction that synthesizes several theories is presented. This curriculum and instruction model is placed within a broad epistemological-psychological framework that can help to guide theoreticians and practitioners in education. (CJ)

Suggests secondary parasuicide prevention is the most viable path for future research. Aggressive case findings and primary prevention approaches have failed to reduce suicide attempt rates. A secondary prevention model, based on factors predictive of parasuicide, was developed. Stress reduction and cognitive restructuring were primary goals of…