Instruction and assessment need to be understood and thought about within the cultural context in which they occur. Educators and educational researchers may make assumptions that apply in their home culture but not elsewhere. And even different subcultures within an overall mainstream culture may have different views on instruction and…

Examines reasons preventing effective policymaking and genuine reform in a number of countries. Measures policy change in education against stages in coming to terms with a new issue: new knowledge, awareness, understanding, creation of new principles, implementation of new policy, change, and monitoring. (JHZ)

The author examines within-nation and between-nation diversity in educational inputs, processes, and outputs, and the interdependence of input, output, and cultural context. Implications are drawn for planning equal educational opportunities in light of these complex regional variations. (SJL)

Discusses the diversity of languages in Western Europe and the peripheralization of maritime and border languages through isolation, domination by other languages, and fragmentation of the culture. Discusses minority rights issues, suggesting rise in bilingual education implies border-language revival. 5 tables, 27 references. (TES)

Examines effect of Nicaragua's 1979 revolution on education, especially for minority Miskito Indians. Summarizes history of Indian culture in region. Suggests Sandinista government began emphasizing bilingual, bicultural education in 1982-83, sparked by deteriorating economic situation. Concludes multicultural education program, while hindered by…

In light of the 1975 universal secondary education decree, this paper examines aspirations and access to secondary and tertiary educational institutions among various social classes. It argues that the educational system promotes mobility between lower strata groups, but bars their access to the elite stratum through favoritism toward…

Links aspects of peripherality to the issue of education in small island states. Studies island states as isolated products of the formative period of our world economic order. Discusses implications for contemporary island education, especially structure and curriculum. 55 references. (Author/TES)

Discusses the problems of perspective in dealing with minority cultures, citing many examples from world history. Discusses effects of dominant languages and cultures upon minority ones. Mobility is examined as a feature of peripheral cultures with fragile economies. Implications for multicultural education discussed. 23 notes and references. (TES)

Suggests "internal colonialism" explains policies and practices of Australia's Aboriginal education programs. Traces Australia's colonial history from the late 18th century, detailing examples of White ethnocentrism and culture conflict between Aboriginal and White settlers. Examines education of Aboriginal in context of continuing…

Since 1917, Soviet policy has stressed self-determination of non-Russian populations and a commitment to their education. Using 1970 All-Union Census data and some later information, the author examines progress made toward this goal and the educational achievement of various groups. Success is noted and some problems outlined. (Author/SJL)

The upward differentiation of occupation-specific education and training to postcompulsory levels in developed nations has been replicated in newly industrializing countries and is being considered by some developing countries. These educational reforms comprise structural changes in sponsorship, finance, delivery, and locus of occupational…

Surveys access and opportunity issues for women in higher education and presents data and research examples that reveal concerns that span national boundaries. Topics include distribution of women students and faculty in various countries, the careers of women faculty and researchers, and women academics as leaders and policymakers. (JHZ)

Examines the relationship between education and women's economic role and compares the characteristics of females' and males' education and employment. Concludes that sex role stereotypes and inequalities suffered by women are diminishing under the pressure of social forces. Uses the experience of Greek women to illustrate obstacles. (JHZ)