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Download full textCarlson, James E.; von Davier, Matthias – ETS Research Report Series, 2013
Few would doubt that ETS researchers have contributed more to the general topic of item response theory (IRT) than individuals from any other institution. In this report, we briefly review most of those contributions, dividing them into sections by decades of publication, beginning with early work by Fred Lord and Bert Green in the 1950s and…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Educational Research, Measurement Techniques, Psychometrics
Timpe Laughlin, Veronika; Wain, Jennifer; Schmidgall, Jonathan – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
This review paper constitutes the first step within a larger research effort to develop an interactive pragmatics learning tool for second and foreign language (L2) learners and users of English. The tool will primarily endeavor to support pragmatics learning within the language use domain "workplace." Given this superordinate objective,…
Descriptors: Pragmatics, Second Language Learning, Communicative Competence (Languages), English (Second Language)
