Presents a review of fundamental concepts and applications used to address the Behrens-Fisher problem (W. Behrens, 1929 and R. Fisher, 1935), a problem in testing the difference between two population means, through fiducial, Bayesian, and frequentist approaches. (Contains 86 references.) (SLD)

Focusing on a single sample obtained randomly with replacement from a single population, this article examines the regression of population on sample proportions and develops an unbiased estimator of the square of the correlation between them. This estimator turns out to be the regression coefficient. Use of the squared-correlation estimator as a…