Research regarding mentoring relationships has flourished during the past 20 years. This article reviews the methodology and content of 200 published mentoring articles. Some of the major concerns raised in this review include over reliance on cross-sectional designs and self-report data, a failure to differentiate between different forms of…

The current article provides an extension of the conceptual literature on the school-to-work transition (STWT). Specifically, we attempt to integrate this diverse literature by proposing a role identity approach to studying STWTs. Here, we suggest that an individual's work role identity plays three roles in understanding the outcomes of STWTs: as…

Compares life-span approaches (function and variable centered) and life-course approaches (person centered and holistic) in the study of career development. Advocates their integration in developmental theory and research. (Contains 69 references.) (SK)

In vocational psychology, the person-environment fit concept remains viable, but should be expanded to include occupational choice and work adjustment. Research is needed on commonalities among interests, self-efficacy, personality, goals, and well-being. Both qualitative and quantitative research philosophies and methods are needed. (Contains 54…

This review of research on unemployment examines the prevalence of job loss, meaning of unemployment, individual outcomes, coping, effects on families, reemployment issues, and interventions. The article suggests additional research needed to understand the unemployment experience. Lists 91 references. (SK)

Examination of 66 congruence studies, including benchmarking studies with improved methodology, showed that congruence is a sufficient though not a necessary condition for job satisfaction. A paradigmatic shift is needed with diverse research designs and methods, emphasizing experiment and drawing on person-environment psychology. (Contains 142…

Reviews research on the prediction of employee turnover. Groups predictor variables into five general categories: attitudinal (job satisfaction), biodata, work-related, personal, and test-score predictors. Consistent relationships between common predictor variables and turnover were found for four categories. Eight methodological problems/issues…

A literature review examined socialization theory and models; research on tactics, training, proactive socialization, learning, group socialization, and individual differences; methodology and measurement; and research needs. In the last five years, research has substantially contributed to knowledge of occupational socialization, which will…

Reviews two major themes in sexual harassment research (prevalence figures and perceptions/attributions) and two emerging areas (victim responses and organizational factors). Identifies lack of research on training interventions and organizational response patterns as well as a lack of conceptual clarity and specificity in research. (81…

A literature review was structured using models of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intentions, and turnover behavior. Key findings were as follows: methodology of most studies was weak; most used cross-sectional design and self-report measures; and samples were largely executives and professionals and predominantly white. (81…

A review of literature 1992-1996 examined effects of HIV on career development and employment; impact on employers, employees, and formal caregivers; and effects on employment of informal caregivers. Most studies defined work narrowly, used cross-sectional designs, and almost exclusively used gay men as respondents. (91 references) (SK)

Trends in conceptualization, instrumentation, and sampling in four career development research areas are charted: stage-based and process-oriented models, decision making, intervention evaluation, and organizational development/career orientation. Research reporting methods are analyzed, and suggestions for future research directions offered. (200…

A review of literature 1992-1996 examined aging, job performance, and occupational well-being; successful workplace aging; aging, health, and safety; careers; retirement; older women; and age discrimination. Four conclusions were: (1) research has begun to involve more disciplines; (2) older workers should be considered as individuals; (3)…

A three-year literature review found that vocational choice, decision making, intervention, and assessment have been studied with a plethora of constructs and scales that were often atheoretical and superficially related. Traditional measurement methods must be reexamined for progress in the field of vocational behavior to occur. (322 references)…