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Working for Washback: A Review of the Washback Concept in Language Testing.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Bailey, Kathleen M. – Language Testing, 1996
Presents a literature review seeking to answer four questions: (1) What is washback? (2) How does washback work? (3) How can we promote positive washback? and (4) How can we investigate washback? A model is proposed that identifies participants, processes and products which may influence or be influenced by, washback. Strategies for investigating…
Descriptors: Change Strategies, Construct Validity, Educational Philosophy, Language Proficiency