Piaget's studies clearly highlight two qualitative advances made during the preoperational period. The first is the breakthrough of representational intelligence, beginning around 2 years of age. The second is the emergence of coordinated representational thought, beginning around 4 years of age. This paper focuses on the second advance, which…

To shed light on whether reason or attitudes, the intellect or the emotions, should be the primary focus of educational efforts, the writings of Jean Paul Sartre on human motivation are digested. Educators should foster the conscious and deliberate acceptance of the human condition of freedom. (PP)

Constructs a model applying evolutionary biology theory to the development of children's sense of justice. Maintains that competition for scarce resources causes many of the moral problems involving justice. Examines the place of emotions in the sense of justice. Hypothesizes rules of justice that predate cultural history. (CH)