Examines research demonstrating that forced busing does not guarantee equal education or raise minority achievement. Advocates a first choice, free transportation system to fulfill the intent of Brown v. Board of Education. (SK)

Examines the literature on academic achievement, self-esteem, identity development, and school integration. Indicates the need for investigation of the effects of busing minority children on their identity status. (FMW)

This paper reviews desegregation litigation since 1896 and discusses literature on the effects of segregated versus desegregated schools on the self concept and academic performance of black students. The outcomes of busing and other desegregation methods are considered in the literature review as are student attitudes, race relations, and social…

Reviews research on the effects of school desegregation on achievement, self-concept, locus of control, and the social behavior of Black children. Describes a study that investigated the friendship-making behavior of second-grade children who were bused following the completion of kindergarten. (GC)

In spite of almost 30 years of busing to achieve racial balance, there continues to be a significant gap between White and African American children in terms of school achievement, and African American students still score below national averages on achievement tests. As the city of Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) considers whether to reduce or maintain…

Dialogue and research on racism since the mid-1970s have yielded increased controversy over the theories, foundation, and continued existence of racism. The chapters presented in this book provide various divergent views of what constitutes racism and frameworks for reducing it. The following chapters (and their authors) are included: (1)…