Objective: Our study examined the impact of sex, ADHD subtype, and comorbid illnesses (depression/anxiety) on the timing of diagnosis and treatment for ADHD. Method: To analyze ADHD patients, four health databases were used to assess subtype, comorbid mood, and antidepressant or anxiolytic drug exposure. Analyses were stratified by sex and age.…

This paper reviews the literature regarding the treatment of phobic avoidance in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Criteria for classifying interventions as empirically supported, developed by the American Psychological Association (APA) Division 12 Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures, were used. For…

Reviews research showing comorbidity of externalizing, internalizing, and attention problems. Reports high comorbidity rates for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnoses of conduct disorders with oppositional, affective, anxiety, and attention deficit disorders and for paired combinations of Child Behavior Checklist and…

This article reviews research on three behavioral subtypes of attention deficit disorder (ADD): (1) without hyperactivity (ADD/WO), (2) with hyperactivity, and (3) with hyperactivity and aggression (ADDHA). Children with ADDHA appear to be at increased risk of having oppositional and conduct disorders, whereas children with ADD/WO show symptoms…

Basic features and methodological requirements of a cognitive-behavioral perspective on childhood anxieties and phobias and their social and academic implications are discussed. Topics addressed include disorder classification, multimethod problem solving, data collection treatment techniques, and the role of teachers. (TJH)

Reviews the history and prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) with special reference to children and adolescents. Presents historical examples and an account of the way PTSD has been represented in various models of classification. Discusses the prevalence of PTSD among youth exposed to war-related stressors, criminal and/or…

Reviews literature on potential etiological factors in the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children. Offers an etiological model for PTSD generating hypotheses for identifying links between exposure to trauma and consequent symptoms. Tests relationships between exposure variables and other mediating factors. Considers…

Three experiments from the late 1970s concerning second language communication strategies are studied for evidence supporting their classification as either avoidance or achievement strategies. The experiments had as subjects native English-speaking children in a French immersion program, adult second language learners of English who were native…