Examined patterns of racial identity expression for 174 black adolescent females and 111 black adolescent males. Results from the Black Racial Identity Attitude Scale reveal that black adolescents widely endorse internalization attitudes that represent a healthy, self-defined racial transcendence. Females endorsed less preencounter attitudes…

Describes investigation of relationship between family structure and self-concept in gender-ethnic context for middle school students utilizing the Self Observational Scales. Significant relationship was found in white girls only and only in particular dimensions of self-concept. Results support viewing these phenomena in gender, ethnic, and…

Data from a 20-year longitudinal study of 125 males and 126 females born to Black teenage mothers in a Baltimore hospital between 1966 and 1968 were analyzed to identify early childhood, middle childhood, and early adolescence determinants of functional literacy. All 251 subjects were interviewed in 1987, and 202 of them completed a document…